Nestled in Peru’s Sacred Valley Cusco, Ollantaytambo is not just a gateway to Machu Picchu but a destination brimming with history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes. Known as the “Living Inca Town,” this charming village retains much of its ancient character, making it a must-visit for history buffs, outdoor adventurers, and anyone seeking an authentic Andean experience.
Whether you’re drawn to its incredible ruins or cobblestone streets that seem to whisper stories from the past, Ollantaytambo offers an unforgettable adventure. This guide uncovers the best things to do, from exploring ancient fortresses to sampling local cuisine.
The Meaning Behind the Name
Ollantaytambo (O-yan-tay-tombo) carries a rich linguistic and historical legacy, starting with its origins in the Aymara language. The name “Ullanwtawi” translates to “Viewpoint” or “Place to Look Down,” reflecting its strategic location. The Aymaras, who inhabited southern Peru between 1100 A.C. and 1480 A.C., were the early settlers before the arrival of the Incas.
During the era of the Incas, the Quechua language adapted the name to “Ullantay.” Later, an additional term, “Tampu,” was added, meaning a “City that offers food and accommodation,” further highlighting its role as a vital stop for travelers. Notably, Victor Angles, a distinguished Cusqueñean historian, proposed another origin, linking the name to a renowned Inca general, “Ollantay.” This deep historical interplay of language and culture makes Ollantaytambo’s name as fascinating as the site itself.
Exploring the Ollantaytambo Fortress
One of the most iconic landmarks in Ollantaytambo is its awe-inspiring fortress. Originally used as a military stronghold by the Incas, the Ollantaytambo ruins are a marvel of engineering and a testament to the civilization’s ingenuity.
What to Expect
- Climbing Ancient Terraces: The fortress's steep agricultural terraces are not only functional but offer stunning panoramic views of the valley below.
- Admiring the Ollantaytambo Megaliths: Perched at the top of the ruins, the Temple of the Sun features enormous stone slabs, some weighing over 50 tons. How these stones were transported remains one of the great mysteries of the Incas.
- Learning History: With the help of a guide or a well-annotated Ollantaytambo map, you can uncover the site's rich historical significance and appreciate how it served as a strategic defense during the Spanish conquest.
Pro Tip: Purchase your Ollantaytambo ruins ticket in advance to avoid long lines and make the most of your time at this world-famous site.
The Historical Significance of Ollantaytambo
Centuries before the height of the Inca Empire, the Aymaras inhabited and revitalized a small citadel nestled in what is now the Ollantaytambo mountain. To protect their stronghold from the growing influence of the Incas, they constructed a network of checkpoints to secure the citadel. However, in the mid-15th century, Pachacutec, the powerful and ambitious Sapa Inca, successfully conquered the Aymaras and claimed Ollantaytambo.
Under Pachacutec’s direction, the site was transformed into a robust fortress, complete with new buildings, terraces, and watchtowers—many of which are visible today as stunning remnants of this strategic stronghold. Upon Pachacutec’s passing, Ollantaytambo came under the control of his family, ensuring its continued importance within the empire.
The fortress also played a pivotal role during the Spanish conquest. After the fall of Cusco in 1537, Hernando Pizarro and his Spanish forces pursued Manco Inca, who sought refuge at Ollantaytambo in a last stand.
Here, the Incas achieved a rare victory, driving the Spanish back by using irrigation canals to flood the valley during battle. Despite their success, Manco Inca anticipated further Spanish reinforcements from Cusco and made the difficult decision to abandon Ollantaytambo.
He and his followers retreated into the dense jungle using the famed Inca Trail, where they established a new stronghold, marking the end of Ollantaytambo’s role in the resistance. These historical episodes have cemented Ollantaytambo’s status as both a relic of architectural ingenuity and a symbol of resilience.
Places to Visit
The Sun Real House
17 expansive Andean terraces cascade down the hillside, overlooking the esplanade below. These terraces served a dual purpose: reinforcing the foundation of the Inca fortress and providing fertile spaces to cultivate Andean grains. In this way, the Incas skillfully harnessed the rugged yet nutrient-rich soil to sustain their agricultural needs.
Temple of the 10 Niches
This iconic site often features in postcards and images representing the archaeological zone. Perched atop the Andean terraces, the temple is characterized by a massive stone portal leading to a meticulously crafted wall with 10 perfectly carved niches. During the fierce battle between the Incas and the Spanish, this area endured the most significant damage, bearing witness to its turbulent history.
Visiting the Temple of the Sun
The Temple of the Sun is an integral part of the ruins and deserves special attention. It’s believed to have served both religious and astronomical purposes. Dramatic in scale and design, this site reflects the Incas' profound connection to the cosmos. Visiting early in the morning offers a quieter, more magical experience.
Chakana Fountain
Baño de la Ñusta is a stunning water fountain featuring three distinct water outlets. The Incas regarded it as a sacred site, using it for religious and ceremonial purposes. Such fountains were a common feature in Incan architecture, reflecting their deep spiritual connection to water.
Streets
The town of Ollantaytambo has preserved its original Inca architecture, including the design of its houses and streets. Visitors can wander through its enchanting narrow, cobblestone streets, flanked by impressive Inca walls and featuring a central water channel. These channels carry water from an ancient spring, flowing gracefully all the way to the Urubamba River, adding to the town's timeless charm.
Market
Located just steps from the entrance to the archaeological park, this market stretches across a spacious esplanade. Here, you'll find a variety of handicraft stands offering an array of delightful Andean creations to suit every taste. From clothing made with luxurious Alpaca fabrics to intricately crafted quartz jewelry, the selection is as diverse as it is charming. Prices are competitive and comparable to those of other artisan markets in Cusco, making it an excellent spot to shop for authentic, high-quality souvenirs.
Long Distance Hikes
Pinkuylluna
Pinkuylluna is home to a series of Qolqas, ancient food and grain storage structures built by the Incas, perched high on the hill of the same name northeast of the modern town. In Quechua, "Qolqa" translates to food or grain stores, reflecting their purpose.
The Incas strategically constructed Qolqas on elevated hillsides to take advantage of cooler temperatures and strong winds, which helped preserve essential supplies such as corn, wheat, and jerky. The hike to Pinkuylluna takes about an hour, with a similar time needed for the descent. From the summit, you’ll be rewarded with stunning views of the majestic Inca fortress and the surrounding landscape.
Cachicata Inca Quarry Trek
Cachicata, the famed stone quarry, supplied the massive blocks used to construct the impressive Inca complex. Located on the opposite bank of the Vilcanota River, the quarry lies just west of the Inca fortress, approximately 5 kilometers from its main square. The trail to Cachicata ascends a slope, starting at an elevation of 2,750 meters and climbing to 3,200 meters above sea level.
Along this route, travelers can spot partially-carved stones scattered along the way—silent remnants of a turbulent past. These stones were abandoned mid-process by Inca sculptors during Spanish incursions into the area. Within the quarry itself, several immense, semi-carved stones remain untouched, offering a glimpse into the monumental effort of Inca craftsmanship.
To transport these colossal stones to the fortress, the Incas employed ingenious engineering methods. Using reed rollers and thick ropes, they carefully rolled and pushed the massive blocks into place, showcasing their exceptional ingenuity and skill in overcoming logistical challenges.
Discovering the Pinkuylluna Mountain Granaries
Located directly opposite the fortress, the Pinkuylluna Mountain Granaries are an often-overlooked gem. These structures were used by the Incas to store grain and food.
- Hiking Adventure: The trail to Pinkuylluna is steep but relatively short and offers unparalleled views of the Ollantaytambo ruins.
- Avoiding Crowds: Because it’s lesser-known, you can enjoy a quieter, more introspective experience here than at the main archaeological site.
Pro Tip: Wear sturdy shoes for this hike. The trail is uneven yet rewarding.
Hiking to the Inca Bridge
For those craving even more adventure, the hike to the Inca Bridge is a must. This narrow, ancient bridge offers views that will take your breath away.
- Nature Meets History: The surrounding landscape of the Sacred Valley is filled with lush greenery, making the hike as scenic as it is historically significant.
- Cultural Insights: Learn how these bridges symbolized the Incas' innovation in connecting their expansive empire.
Wandering Through Traditional Streets
One of Ollantaytambo’s greatest charms lies in its village life. Wander down narrow cobblestone streets that have been in continuous use since the 15th century.
- Interactive Insights: Meet local artisans selling traditional crafts.
- Cultural Immersion: Witness daily life as locals tend to their homes, markets, and communal spaces.
The town itself feels like a living museum, where history and everyday life blend seamlessly.
Where to Eat
No visit to Ollantaytambo is complete without indulging in some amazing food. Here are some standout Ollantaytambo restaurants that deserve a visit:
- El Albergue: A charming restaurant known for farm-to-table Peruvian cuisine. Don’t miss their quinoa soup!
- Apu Veronica: A casual spot serving hearty meals. The lomo saltado is a crowd favorite.
- Hearts Café: Perfect for coffee and sweet treats, this café also supports local social initiatives.
Where to Stay
Choosing the right accommodation is key to fully enjoying your trip. Ollantaytambo offers a range of places to stay, catering to all budgets.
Top Picks for Ollantaytambo Hotels
- El Albergue Ollantaytambo
This boutique hotel combines rustic charm with modern comforts. Plus, it’s conveniently located near the train station.
- Sol Natura Hotel
Surrounded by lush gardens, this eco-friendly hotel is an oasis for nature lovers.
- Parwa Guest House
A budget-friendly option with spectacular views of the Sacred Valley. Ideal for backpackers.
Pro Tip: Book early, especially during peak seasons, as Ollantaytambo is a popular hub for those heading to Machu Picchu.
Tips for Visiting Ollantaytambo
- Best Time to Visit: May through September offers sunny skies and optimal hiking conditions.
- Getting There: The most straightforward option is a taxi or train from Cusco to Ollantaytambo, which takes approximately 1.5 to 2 hours.
- Pack Smart: Bring comfortable walking shoes, sun protection, and layers for chilly evenings.
- Tickets and Guides: Since Ollantaytambo is often part of the Sacred Valley tour, arranging tickets and guides in advance is highly recommended.
Ollantaytambo to Machu Picchu Train Time
Train Journey from Ollantaytambo to Machu Picchu Pueblo
The train ride from Ollantaytambo to Machu Picchu Pueblo (also known as Aguas Calientes) offers a scenic and comfortable way to approach Peru's most iconic destination. This breathtaking journey typically takes between 1 hour and 30 minutes to 1 hour and 40 minutes, depending on your chosen train service.
Key Points to Know:
- Duration: The train ride lasts approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes to 1 hour and 40 minutes, allowing travelers to enjoy stunning views of the Sacred Valley along the way.
- Train Station: The Ollantaytambo train station serves as the main departure point for trains heading to Machu Picchu. Plan to arrive early to ensure a smooth boarding process.
- Destination: Trains arrive at Machu Picchu Pueblo (Aguas Calientes), a charming town nestled at the base of the mountain where the ruins are located.
- Bus to Citadel: Once you reach Machu Picchu Pueblo, a short bus ride will take you directly to the entrance of the Machu Picchu citadel.
This unforgettable train experience is more than just a mode of transport; it's an adventure filled with natural wonder and a perfect introduction to the magic of Machu Picchu.
Why You Should Visit Ollantaytambo
Ollantaytambo is far more than a stopover to Machu Picchu. It’s a place where the past and present converge, offering a profound glimpse into the heart of the Sacred Valley and the ingenuity of the Incas.
Whether you're gazing at the magnificent Ollantaytambo megaliths, enjoying a hike up Pinkuylluna, or savoring a plate of local cuisine, you'll find yourself immersed in the magic of this unique destination.
Pack your bags, grab your Ollantaytambo map, and get ready to step back in time while exploring one of the most remarkable towns in Peru.
FAQs
What is Ollantaytambo famous for?
Ollantaytambo is known for its ancient fortress, the Temple of the Sun, and its status as one of the last living Inca towns.
How long is the taxi ride from Cusco to Ollantaytambo?
The taxi ride from Cusco to Ollantaytambo typically takes 1.5 to 2 hours.
Is Ollantaytambo worth visiting?
Absolutely! Ollantaytambo is a must-see destination offering historical, cultural, and natural wonders.
Is it better to stay in Cusco or Ollantaytambo?
If you want to explore the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, staying in Ollantaytambo for at least a night is highly recommended.
